Pressure-fluid-actuated tool



June a, 1924.

A. SCHINKEZ PRESSURE FLUID ACTUATED TOOL Filed May 29 1918 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Wm m ' June 3 1924. 1,496,026

, A. SCHINKEZ PRESSURE FLUID ACTUATED TOOL Filed May 29, l 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 be driven rearwardly in the cylinder.

Patented June 3, 1924.

UNITED STATE s PATENT" castes.

ALBERT SCHINKEZ, or GRAND HA E MIC nssrenon r9 H,

'Ku L m. or G AN AV M H N. A QQm ReF-Q QN. QB.

ss s ne svlna wsv e.

Application filedMay 29,1915. sen rn 237,295.

To all cell-0m it may concern:

Be it known thatl", ALnEnr S' HIN EZ, a subject of'the Emperor of'Austria, residing atGrand Haven, in the county of Ottawa I and State of Michigan, have invented cer tam new'and useful Improvements in Pressure-Fluid-Actuated Tools, of which the following is a specification. The 'inventionrelates to pressure fluid actuated tools such as pneumatic chipping or riveting hammers; and the general-object thereofis to provide a tool ofthe character stated having an improved construction and arrangement of valve mechanism.

More specifically one object of the invention isto provide a valve mechanism of simple and compact construction and arrange-- ment which lends itself readily to a construction in which the aggregate length of the tool is materially reduced and which also may be readily applied to tool cylinders and handles of standard construction.

Another object of'the invention is to provide an improved form of oscillatory valve mechanism of high efficiency.

The objects of the invention thus generally stated, together with other and ancillary advantages, may be attained by the construction and arrangement illustrated in the accompanying drawings forming part hereof in which Figure 1 is a fragmentary vertical' section of 'a pneumatic tool in which the valve mechanism is arranged so as to reduce the length of the tool, and showing the piston as being driven forwardly in the cylinder. Fig. 1 is a fragmentary sectional view taken on line 1 of Fig. 1. Fig. 2 is a fragmentary transverse section of the same taken on'line 22 of Fig. 1 Fig. 8is a fragmentary sectional view taken on line 3- 3 of Fig. 1. Fig. is a fragmentary sectional-view of the rear portion of the tool shown in Fig. 1, showing the valve mech anism in the position to cause the piston to Fig. is a fragmentary vertical sectional view of" the rear portion of a tool showing the valve mechanism applied to a cylinder and handle of standard construction. Fig. 6 is a transverse section of the same and showing the valve mechanism in a. different position from that shown in Fig. 5.

In the drawings'l indicates the barrel or cylinder of a pneumatic hammer having a piston 2 and the usual rivet set 3 therein,

and 4 indicates the tQOlJ handle on the rear endofthecylinder 1 andcarrying a stem 5, a semi=cylindrical block or abutment 6 partially surrounding the stem, and. an 'o scillatory valve member '7t In the construction shown in Figs. 1 t9 4 thehandle isarranged' 'to be clamped" upon the rearend of the cylinder 1- as bymeans; of bolts 8 For this purpose the forward portion of' the handle is provided with a' substantially flat circular portion or plate- 9 corresponding in size to the external diam eter of the rear end ofthe cylinder 1 Said fiat portion of the handle'thus clo-sesthe open "rear end of the cylinder andispro-yid' ed with suitable apertures nearits periphery for receiving the bolts 8 which are'threaded into the rear end of the cylinder as shownin Fig. 2, suitable means such as'loclcwashers 10 being preferably provided for; poking the belts in position. The'flat portion 9 o-fjthe handle is preferably enlarged centrally thereof as at 9 to accommodate the-valve mechanism, andto this end'atransverse upright bore 11 is provided in such enlarged portion into which bore thetubular stem 5 surrounded by the abutment- 6 and'valve member 7 is neatly fitted. For this purpose, the stem 5 is reduced in diameter between itsends 1)- sufiiciently to accommodate the abutment and valve member with the outer surfaces thereof flush with the outer surface ofthe ends 'ofthe stem. The abutment 6 is made semi-cylindrical in form and is fixed to the stem 5 in any suitable'manner as by means of pins12 and 1-3. The valve member 7 however is made somewhat less than semi-cylindrical so that his capable of a slight oscillatory movement relative to the stem, such movement being limited by the longitudinal edges thereof abutting against the longitudinal edges of the fixed abutment 6. A screw plug 13 threaded into the lower end of the bore 11 serves to clamp the valve mechanism; in position the At its upper endthe tubular stem- 5: communicates with a passageway 14 in the handle leading from a suitable 'source of pressure'fluid supply and controlled by a throttle valve 15 of ordinary construct-iomand in its forward side said stem is provided with a longitudinal slot 16 registering with a similar slot 17; in the fiat portion 9 of the handle, the latter slot opening-into the rear end of the cylinder 1. The admission of pressure fluid into the rear end of the cylin der is controlled by the valve member 7 having a slot 18 therein, which in one position of the valve member (Fig. 2) registers with the slots 16 and 17 but in the other position thereof (Fig. 4:) closes said slots 16 and 17.

When the piston is traveling forwardly in the cylinder, a portion of the pressure fluid is permitted to escape from the forward endof the latter through a passageway 19 (Fig. 1) leading from near the forward end of. the cylinder rearwardly to the rear end thereof where it discharges to the atmosphere. V v

To return the piston to the rear end of the cylinder the valve member 7 is moved to admit pressure fluid to the forward end of the cylinder. This movement of the valve member is accomplished by meansof two longitudinally extending passageways 20 and 21 in the cylinder and a groove 22 in the piston. The passageway 20 leads from a point near the center of the cylinder rearwardly through registering ports 23 and 24- (Fig. 1) in the handle and tubular stem respectively; and the passageway 21 also leads from a point near the center of the cylinder rearwardly through a duct 25 (dotted lines Fig. 2) in the handle to a shoulder 26 formed upon the stem by the longitudinal edge of the abutment 6 against which one edge of the valve member 7 abuts when in position to admit air into the rear end of the cylinder. The passageways 20 and 21 communicate with the interior of the cylinder in the same transverse plane so that when the piston travels forwardly in the cylinder the transverse groove 22 therein connects the two passageways. Accordingly, pressure fluid flowing through the passageway 20 is admitted'to passageway21 and thence flows rea1wardly-;to the shoulder 26 and forces the valve member around until its opposite edge strikes a shoulder 27 formed on the stem by the longitudinal edge of the abutment which is opposite the shoulder 26.

Preferably a notch 26 is provided in the edge of the valve member at the'upper end thereof so as to enable the pressure fluid to enter between the valve member and the shoulder-'26. The pressure .fluid in front of the piston, in its forward travel may also be employed to assist in. shifting the valve member. To this end, the passageway 21 is extended forwardly as at 21 to near the forward end of the cylinder so that part of the air in the forward end of the cylinder is forced through the passageway 21, 21 and duct 25 to the shoulder 26.

The shifting movement of the valve member takes place against the action of pressure fluid constantly admitted from the interior of the tubular stem5 through a small transverse port 28 (Fig. 3) to the space between the valve member and the shoulder 27 at one side of the stem and constantly discharging through a small duct 29 leading downwardly through the lower end of the stem. The screw plug 13*, which clamps the valve mechanism in position in the handle, is provided with a central bearing stud 30 of substantially smaller diameter than the plug. An annular air space is thus formed around the stud 30 which communicates through a plurality of openings 31 near the periphery of the plug with the atmosphere. It will be seen that the air admitted between the shoulder 27 and the adjacent edge of the valve member is not suflicient to prevent a movement of the valve member by the pressure fluid admitted to the shoulder 26 through the passageway 25. On the other hand, when such flow of pressure fluid is cut off by the return movement of the piston, the pressure between the valve member and the shoulder 27 builds up by reason of its inability to escape rapidly enough by way of the port 29, and the valve member is returned into its initial position in engagement with the shoulder 26. In order that the valve member may thus be shifted to its initial position without restriction by pressure in the passage-way 21, the extreme forward end of the latter is placed in communication with the atmosphere through the extension passage 21*, the piston chamber, and the passage-Way 19, upon the return of the piston beyond the openings of said passgage-ways 21 and 19 into the piston cham- VVhen'the valve member has been moved, in the forward travel of the piston, to the position shown in Fig. 4 pressure fluid is admitted to the forward end of the cylinder to return the piston. The means for accomplishing this result comprises a duct 32 in the tool handle communicating at its rear end with the slot 18 in the valve member which continues to partially register with the slot 16 in the tubular stem 5. The forward end of said duct 32 communicates with a passageway 33 extending longitudinally of the cylinder and opening into the forward end thereof. Thus in this position of the valve member pressure fluid is admitted directly to the cylinder in front of the piston and drives the piston rearwardly. In this movement of the piston the air is permitted to escape from .the rear end of the cylinder through'the slot 17 in the handle which now communicates with a longitudinal groove 34: in the valve member registering at its lower end with a similar groove 34* in the lower end of the stem; Said groove'34t opens into the space between the stem and the screw plug from which the air is permitted to discharge through the openings 31 in the plug.

Briefly the operation of the hammer shown in Figs. 1 to 4 is as follows; referring to Figs. 1 to 3, air is admitted into the rear end of the cylinder through the tubular stem 5, slot 16 in the stem, slot 18 in the valve member 7 and slot 17 in the handle. As the piston is driven forwardly by such pressure fluid part of the air in the forward end of the cylinder is permitted to exhaust to the atmosphere through the passageway 19, while' the remaining portion is forced rearwardly through passageway 21 21, to the shoulder 26 on the stem, formed by the abutment 6. Furthermore during such for ward movement of the piston the annular groove 22 therein connects the two passageways 20 and 21 so that live pressure fluid is admitted through the passageway 20 from the source of pressure fluid supply through the groove 22 and passageway 21 to the shoulder 26. The pressure fluid thus conducted to the shoulder 26 acts upon the valve member to shift it into the position shown in Fig. 4, whereupon pressure fluid is admitted from the interior of the tubular stem through the slot 16 therein, the slot 18 in the valve member and the duct 32 in the handle into the passageway 33 which leads into the forward end of the cylinder. The piston is thus driven rearwardly and the air in the rear portion thereof is permitted to exhaust through the slot 17 in the handle, the groove 34in the valve member, and the groove 34:, in the lower end of the stem which communicates with the atmosphere through open ings 31 in the screw plug 13 Upon the return movement of the piston the flow of pressure fluid to the shoulder 26 is of course cut off, and th valve memberis returned .to its initial position by the live pressure fluid admitted to the shoulder 27 on the stem 5 through the small transverse port 28 in the stem, the excess pressure fluid admitted after the valve has been shifted being permitted to escape slowly through the longitudinal duct 29 in the stem, which communicates with the atmosphere. Such return movement of the valve member is facilitated by the uncovering of the inner end of the passage 21 by the piston in its rearward movement, thus establishing communication by way of the piston chamber with the passageway 19 which communicates with the atniosphere.

In the modified construction shown in Figs. 5 and 6 I have shown my improved valve mechanism applied to a cylinder 1" and, handle 1 of standard construction. In this instancethe valve mechanism, comprising a stem 5, semi-cylindriral abut- 1 ment (rand valve member 7, are mounted in a transverse bore 11 formed in a cylindrical block 35. The forward end of said block is fitted within the rear end of the (cylinder and clamped in position by the handle which is threaded onto the cylinder and locked in a wel known manner.

The stem 5 is similar to the stem 5 of the form shown in- Figs. 1 to 4, but in this instance is not made tubular but is pro-- vided with a through slot 16 registering at all times with a slot 36 in the abutment 6. Said slot 36 in turn communicates,

through a slot 37 and a circular cavity .38 in p valve member and a slot 17 in the block' 35. In this position of the parts the air from the forward end of the ,cylinderis permitted to escape through a pair of passageways 19 leading from near the for ward end of the cylinder and communicating at their rear ends with ducts 40 which discharge intoan annular space 41 formed around the block 35 and communicating with the atmosphere through an exhaust port 452.

In order to shift the valve member 7* pressure fluid is admitted through a passageway 23 in the block ,35, which passageway communicates at its rear end with. the circular cavity 38 and at its forward end "with a passageway 20 opening into the cylinder near the central portion thereof. Said passageway 20 is arranged to be connected by a groove (not shown')- in the j-iston corresponding to the groove 22 of igs. 1 and 2, with a passageway 21 in the cylinder communicating at its rear end with a. duct 25 in the block 35. Said duct 25 conducts the pressure fluid to the valve member and shifts it as in theform above described.

Referring to Fig. 6, pressure fluid is now admitted to the forward end of the cylinder to return the piston by means'of a duct 32 in the block 35, communicating at its rear end with the slot 18 in the valve member which is in partial register with the slot 17* in the stem 5*. The forward end of said duct 32 communicates with a passageway 33 exten'dinglongitudinally of the cylinder and opening into-the forward end thereof.

as the piston is thus driven rearw ardly in the cylinder the air in --the rear end thereof is peiunitted to escape through the slot'16 in the block35 "in the manner above describecl,., and the valve member is shifted into the position shown in Fig. '5, thus completing a cycleof operation. The valve member is in this instance also shifted into and held in its jinitial'position"by a constant flow of pressure fluid through a; restricted port28 and duct 29?, as in the form above described. T

I claim as my invention:

lfiA: pressurefluid'-actuated tool having, in combination, a cylinder, a piston in the cylinder, and valve mechanism for controlling the movements of thepiston, said mechanism comprising a stem, means for constantly admitting pressure fluid into. saidstem, a passage for conducting pressure fluid to and from the rear end of the cylinder, an oscillatory valve member having a port adapted to register with said passage in one position of the valve member whereby to admit pressure fluid into therear end of the cylinder, and a duct adapted in another position of the valve member to register with said passage whereby to permit the escape of pressure fluid from the rear end of the cylinder.

2. A pressure-fluid-actuated too-1 having, in combination, a cylinder, a piston in the cylinder, and valve mechanism for controlling the movements of the piston comprising a stem, an oscillatory valve member; means for constantly admitting pressure fluid into said stem, means controlled by said valve member for admitting pressure fluid intothe rear end of the cylinder, and means including a pair of passages controlled by the piston for admitting pressure fluid to the valve member to move it, one of said passages being in constant communication with the source of pressure fluid supply.

3. A pressure-fluidactuated tool comprising, in combination, a cylinder, a piston in the cylinder, and valve means for controlling the piston comprising an oscillatory valve member, means controlled by said valve member for admitting pressure fluid into the rear end of the cylinder, means controlled by the piston for admitting pressure fluid to the valve member to move it, and means controlled by the valve member for? admitting pressure fluid into the forward end of the cylinder to return the piston, said member having a single port through which pressure fluid is adapted to flow to said means for admitting pressure fluid to the rear and to the forward end of the cylinder.

4. A pressure fluid actuated tool having, in combination, a cylinder, a handle on the rear end of the cylinder, a piston in the cylinder, and valve mechanism in the handlecomprising a stem, a movable valvemember-slid able circumferentially of said stem" and meansforconducting a supply of pressure fluid to said stem, said stem and handle'having registering slots for admitting pressure fluid into the rear end of the cylinder and said valve member having a slot movable into and out of register with the'slotsinthe handle and stem.

1 5. A pressure fluid actuated tool having, in combination, a cylinder, a handle, a piston in the cylinder, and valve mechanism carried by the handle comprising a stem, means for conducting pressure fluid to said stem; and means co-operating with said stem for controlling the admission of pressure fluid to and from the cylinder, said means including an oscillatory valve member, pressure fluid conducting means leading from near the center of the cylinder to said valve member and to the source of pressure fluid supply and controlled by the piston and a passage leading from the forward end of the cylinder to said stem'and controlled by said valve member.

6. A pressure fluid actuated tool having in combination, a c-ylinder,a handle, a piston in the cylinder, and valve mechanism carried by the handle and comprising a stem, means for conducting pressure fluid into said stem, means co-operating with said stem for controlling the admission of pressure fluid to and from the cylinder, said means including an oscillatory valve member, a pair of passages leading from near the center of the cylinder to said valve member and to the source of fluid pressure supply respectively, saidpiston having a groove therein arranged to connect said passages whereby pressure-fluid is admitted to the valve member to move it during the for ward travel of the piston.

'7. In a pressure-fluid-actuated tool, the combinationwith a cylinder having a piston therein, of valve means for the piston comprising means providing a cylindrical bore, a stem entered in said bore and having a passage communicating at all times with a source of pressure fluid supply, said stem having a pair of spaced shoulders, passages extending between the cylinder and said bore and a valve member slidable in the bore circumferentially of said stem and between said shoulders, said valve member being adapted to control the flow of pressure fluid to and from the cylinder by way of said passages.

8. In a pressure fluid actuated tool, the combination with a cyl nder having a piston, of valve means comprising a member providing a cylindrical bore, a stem entered within said bore and having a pair of spaced shoulders, means including a passage through the stem for conducting pressure fluid to the bore, an arcuate valve member slidable circumferentially of the stem between said shoulders, passages extending between the cylinder and said bore adapted to be controlled by said valve member, and means including passages controlled by the piston in its movements for conducting pressure fluid to said valve member and stem whereby to actuate the valve member.

9. A pressure fluid actuated tool having, in combination, a cylinder, a piston in the cylinder, and valve mechanism for controlling the piston comprising a stem, an oscillatory valve member on the stem, said stem having a pair of shoulders against which the opposite ends of said valve member are arranged'to abut, means including a pas sage for conducting pressure fluid to one of said shoulders to move the valve member in one direction, means for moving the valve member in the opposite direction into its initial position, and means for constantly conducting a restricted amount of pressure fluid to the other one of said shoulders whereby to tend to hold said valve member in such initial position.

10. A pressure fluid actuated tool having, in combination, a cylinder, a piston in the cylinder, a handle having a substantially flat portion adapted to be clamped upon the rear end of the cylinder to close it, and valve mechanism removably mounted in said flat portion of the handle for controlling the movements of the piston comprising a tubular stem in constant communication with a source of pressure fluid supply, and an oscillatory valve member slidable on said stem and adapted to control the flow of pressure fluid therefrom into the cylinder and from the cylinder to the atmosphere.

11. In a pressure fluid actuated tool a cylinder having a piston therein, valve mechanism at the rear end of the cylinder including an oscillatory valve member, means for shifting the valve member in one direction, and means for shifting the valve member in the opposite direction including a pair of opposed pressure areas, arestricted port in constant communication with the pressure fluid supply and leading to said pressure areas and a restricted port leading from said pressure areas to the atmosphere.

12. A pressure fluid actuated tool comprising, in combination, a cylinder having a flat rear end wall, a piston in the cylinder, a handle having formed integral therewith a disk portion having a transverse bore, valve means for controlling the piston comprising a stem entered into said bore, and

a valve member adapted to oscillate on i said stem, and bolts entered through the disk portion of the handle and on dia metrically opposite sides thereof and of said stem and into the rear end ofthe cylinder whereby to clampthe handle and the valve means in position upon the rear end of the cylinder.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand.

ALBERT SCHINKEZ, 

